rpm -q --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" binutils \ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc \
glibc-common glibc-devel-2.5 libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel \
make sysstat

			
			# rpm -q --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" binutils \

			
			 compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc \

			
			 glibc-common glibc-devel-2.5 libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel \

			
			>
			
			 make sysstat

			
			binutils-2.17.50.0.6-2.el5 (x86_64)

			
			>
			
			compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61 (i386)

			
			compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61 (x86_64)

			
			>
			
			elfutils-libelf-0.125-3.el5 (x86_64)

			
			elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125-3.el5 (x86_64)

			
			gcc-4.1.1-52.el5 (x86_64)

			
			gcc-c++-4.1.1-52.el5 (x86_64)

			
			glibc-2.5-12 (i686)

			
			glibc-2.5-12 (x86_64)

			
			glibc-common-2.5-12 (x86_64)

			
			glibc-devel-2.5-12 (x86_64)

			
			glibc-devel-2.5-12 (i386)

			
			libaio-0.3.106-3.2 (x86_64)

			
			libaio-0.3.106-3.2 (i386)

			
			libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2 (x86_64)

			
			libgcc-4.1.1-52.el5 (x86_64)

			
			libgcc-4.1.1-52.el5 (i386)

			
			libstdc++-4.1.1-52.el5 (x86_64)

			
			libstdc++-4.1.1-52.el5 (i386)

			
			libstdc++-devel-4.1.1-52.el5 (x86_64)

			
			make-3.81-1.1 (x86_64)

			
			sysstat-7.0.0-3.el5 (x86_64)

			
			

            
            


            
            
            
            
            

		
		
            
            
            
            
            
		
		

Now that the Linux software is installed, you need to configure it for Oracle. This section walks through the steps required to configure Linux for Oracle Database 11 g Release 1.

Next, create the Linux groups and user account that will be used to install and maintain the Oracle Database 11 g Release 1 software. The user account will be called oracle, and the groups will be oinstall and dba. Execute the following commands as root:

/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall /usr/sbin/groupadd dba /usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle

			
			

			
			Ex:

			
			# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

			
			# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba

			
			# /usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle

			
			# id oracle

			
			uid=501(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),503(dba)

			
			






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Set the password on the oracle account: 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
passwd oracle

Ex:

			
			Changing password for user oracle.

			
			New password:

			
			Retype new password:

			
			passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

			
			






            
            
            
            
            
		
		



			
			

Create Directories Now create directories to store the Oracle Database 11 g Release 1 software and the database files. This guide adheres to the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) for the naming conventions used in creating the directory structure. For more information on OFA standards, see

of the Oracle Database Installation Guide 11g Release 1 (11.1) for Linux. The following assumes that the directories are being created in the root filesystem. This is done for the sake of simplicity and is not recommended as a general practice. These directories would normally be created as separate filesystems. Issue the following commands as root:

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /u01/app

Configuring the Linux Kernel Parameters Oracle Database 11 g Release 1 requires the kernel parameter settings shown below. The values given are minimums, so if your system uses a larger value, don't change it. Linux allows modification of most kernel parameters while the system is up and running, so there's no need to reboot the system after making kernel parameter changes.

kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096

			
			fs.file-max = 65536

			
			net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

			
			net.core.rmem_default=4194304

			
			net.core.wmem_default=262144

			
			net.core.rmem_max=4194304

			
			net.core.wmem_max=262144

			
			






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Note that OEL 5 already has values defined for kernel.shmall and 
			kernel.shmmax.  Use the default values if they are the same or 
			larger than the required values.  


		
		
If you're following along and have just installed
Linux, the kernel parameters will all be at their default values and
you can just cut and paste the following commands while logged in as
root. 

cat /etc/sysctl.conf

				
			kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
cat >
				
			fs.file-max = 65536
cat >>
				
			net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
				
			net.core.rmem_default=4194304

				
			net.core.wmem_default=262144

				
			net.core.rmem_max=4194304

				
			net.core.wmem_max=262144

				
			EOF

				
			/sbin/sysctl -p

				
			

				
			Ex:

				
			# cat  /etc/sysctl.conf 



					
			net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

					
			net.core.rmem_default=262144

					
			 kernel.shmmni = 4096

				
			# cat >
					
			 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

				
			# cat >>
					
			 fs.file-max = 65536
					
			 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

					
			 net.core.rmem_default=4194304

					
			 net.core.wmem_default=262144

					
			 net.core.rmem_max=4194304

					
			>
					
			 net.core.wmem_max=262144

					
			 EOF

					
			>
					
			# /sbin/sysctl -p

					
			net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

					
			>
					
			net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

					
			net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

					
			>
					
			kernel.sysrq = 0

					
			kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

					
			>
					
			net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

					
			kernel.msgmnb = 65536

					
			>
					
			kernel.msgmax = 65536

					
			kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

					
			>
					
			kernel.shmall = 268435456

					
			kernel.shmmni = 4096

					
			>
					
			kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

					
			fs.file-max = 65536

					
			>
					
			net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

					
			net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

					
			net.core.wmem_default = 262144

					
			net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

					
			net.core.wmem_max = 262144

					
			








            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Run the following commands as root to verify your
settings: 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm

			
			/sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem

			
			/sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max

			
			/sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range

			
			
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default

				
				

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max

				
				/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default
				
				
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max


			
			

			
			Ex:

			
			# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm

			
			kernel.shmmni = 4096
			
			kernel.shmall = 268435456

			
			kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
			
			kernel.shm-use-bigpages = 0
			
			# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem

			
			kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
			
			# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
			
			fs.file-max = 65536

			
			# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
			
			net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
			
			# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default
			
			net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

			
			# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max

			
			net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

			
			# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default

			
			net.core.wmem_default = 262144

			
			# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max

			
			net.core.wmem_max = 262144

			
			






            
            
            
            
            
		
		



			
			

				
				
Setting shell 
			limits for the oracle user

            

            






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Oracle recommends setting limits on the number of
processes and open files each Linux account may use. To make these
changes, cut and paste the following commands as root: 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
cat  /etc/security/limits.conf 



				
			oracle soft nproc 2047
				
			oracle hard nproc 16384

				
			oracle soft nofile 1024
				
			oracle hard nofile 65536
				
			EOF
				
			
				
			cat  /etc/pam.d/login 
					
			session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

					
			EOF
					
			
cat >
cat >>





            
            
            
            
            
		
		Change the default profile for bash and ksh as well as the 
			default login script for cshell.






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
cat  /etc/profile 



				
			if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then 

				
			 if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

				
			 ulimit -p 16384

				
			cat >
				
			 ulimit -n 65536

				
			cat >>
				
			 else
				
			 ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

				
			 fi

				
			 umask 022

				
			fi
				
			EOF
				
			
				
			cat  /etc/csh.login 
					
			if ( \$USER == "oracle" ) then
cat >
					
			 limit maxproc 16384
cat >>
					
			 limit descriptors 65536
					
			 umask 022

					
			endif

					
			EOF






            

		
		



            
            
            
            

		
		 


		
		

			
			
Part III: Installing Oracle

            
            
            
            
            

				
			cat >
            
            
            
            
            
		
		

				
			cat >>Oracle Database 11
			
			g
 Release 1
can be downloaded from OTN. Oracle offers a 
development and testing
license
 free of charge. However, no support is provided and the license
does not permit production use. A full description of the license
agreement is available on OTN. 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
The easiest way to make the Oracle Database 11
			
			
g Release 
			1
distribution media available on your server is to download them
directly to the server. 





            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Use the graphical login to log in as oracle. 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Create a directory to contain the Oracle Database 11
			
			g 
			Release 1
distribution: 





            
            
            
            
            
		
		mkdir 11gR1_db
			
			





            
            
            
            
            
		
		
To download Oracle Database 11
			
			g Release 1 from OTN, point
your browser to the
			
			Oracle Database Download Page.  Read the OTN
License agreement. If you agree with the restrictions and the license
agreement, click on 
			
			
Accept License Agreement
. 





            
            
            
            
            
		
		Click on the 
			
			
Linux x86
  link (32-bit) or 
			
			
Linux 
			x86-64
 link (64-bit) and save the
file in the directory you created for this purpose
(11gR1_db)—if you have not already logged in to OTN, you may
be prompted to do so at this point. 





            
            
            
            
            
		
		Unzip and extract the file.





            
            
            
            
            
		
		
cd 11gR1_db


		
		
			
			
For 32-bit
			
			unzip linux_11gR1_database.zip

		
					
			For 64-bit
			
			unzip linux.x64_11gR1_database.zip

			
			




            
            
            
            
            
		
		
			
			
				
				
Install the Software and Create a Database
 
			
 





            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Log in using the oracle account. 




Change directory to the directory containing the Oracle Database 11
		
		g
 
Release 1
software.
            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Ex:
			
			$ cd $HOME/11gR1_db/database
			
			





            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Start the Oracle Universal Installer. 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
$ ./runInstaller

			
			






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
			
			Select Installation Method
			
			
				
				Select 
Basic
 Installation
				
				
Oracle Base Location: /u01/app/oracle
				
				Oracle Home Location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
				
				
Installation Type: Enterprise Edition (3.3GB)

				
				
UNIX DBA Group:  dba
				
				
Make sure Create Starter Database is checked
				
				
Global Database Name: demo1

				
				
Enter the Database Password and Confirm Password

				
				
Click on Next
			
			

			
			
Specify Inventory Directory and Credentials
                
                
                
                
                
				
				
					
					
Inventory Directory: /u01/app/oraInventory
				
				






                
                
                
                
                
				
				
					
					

						
						
Operating System group name:  oinstall
					
					
Click on Next
				
				






              
			
			
Product-specific Prerequisite Checks
                
                
                
                
                
				
				
					
					
If
you've been following the steps in this guide, all the checks should
pass without difficulty. You may receive a warning related to swap file size if 
					the default partition layout was used during OEL5 
					installation.  This may be safely ignored .  If one or more checks fail, correct the
problem before proceeding. 
					
					
Click on Next

				
				






              

			
			
Oracle Configuration Manager Registration
				
				
					
					
Leave this disabled for the demo and click on Next

				
				





              
			
			
Summary
                
                
                
                
                
				
				

					
					
A summary of the products being installed
is presented.
				
				





                
                
                
                
                
				
				

					
					
Click on 
						
						
Install
.

				
				





              
			
			
Install
				
				

					
					
Installation progress is displayed

				
				
				
			
			
Configuration Assistants

			
			

				
				
The Oracle Net, Oracle Database, and iSQL*Plus configuration assistants will run automatically
				
				
Take note of the information presented in the Database 
				Configuration Assistant pop-up window and click on OK.

			
			

			
			Execute Configuration Scripts
			
			
				
				
At the end of the installation, a pop up window
will appear indicating scripts that need to be run as root.  Login
as root and run the indicated scripts.
				
				
Click on OK when finished.

			
			

			
			
End of Installation
                
                
                
                
                
				
				
					
					
Make note of the URLs presented in the
summary, and click on 
						
						
Exit
 when ready.

				
				






              
			
			
Congratulations! Your new Oracle Database 11
				
				
g
 Release 
				1
database is up and ready for use.

				
				




              
		
		





            
            
            
            
            
		
		
 





            
            
            
            
            

		
		 
		
		

			
			
Part IV: Configuring Storage

            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
		
		The database we created in Part III used a single
filesystem for disk storage. However, there are several
other ways to configure storage for an Oracle database. 





            
            
            
            
            
		
		
This section explores other methods of configuring disk storage for a 
			database. In particular, it describes creating an additional filesystem and using Automatic Storage Management (ASM).





            
            
            
            
            
		
		

			
			
				
				Partition
the Disks
 
 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
In order to use either file systems or ASM, you must
have unused disk partitions available.  This section describes how
to create the partitions that will be used for new file systems and for
ASM.




            
            
            
            
            
		
		
WARNING: Improperly partitioning a
disk is one of the surest and fastest ways to 
				
				wipe out
everything on your hard disk. If you are unsure how to
proceed, stop and get help, or you will risk losing 
data. 





            
            
            
            
            
		
		This example uses /dev/sda (an empty disk with no existing 
			partitions) to create a single partition for the entire disk. 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Ex:

			
			# fdisk /dev/sda
			
			

			
			The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 30401.
			
			There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
			
			and could in certain setups cause problems with:
			
			1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
			
			2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
			
			(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

			
			
			
			Command (m for help): p

			
			
			
			Disk /dev/sda: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes
			
			255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders
			
			Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
			
			
			
			Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

			
			
			
			Command (m for help): n
			
			Command action

			
			e extended

			
			p primary partition (1-4)

			
			p

			
			Partition number (1-4): 1

			
			First cylinder (1-30401, default 1):

			
			Using default value 1

			
			Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-30401, default 30401):

			
			Using default value 30401

			
			

			
			Command (m for help): w

			
			The partition table has been altered!

			
			

			
			Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

			
			Syncing disks.






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Now verify the new partition: 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		

Ex:

				
				
				
				
# fdisk -l /dev/sda

					
					

					
					Disk /dev/sda: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes

					
					255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders

					
					Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

					
					

					
					Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

					
					/dev/sda1 1 30401 244196001 83 Linux







            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Repeat the above steps for each disk to be partitioned.
 The following section on Filesystems uses a single disk
partition, /dev/sda1.  The ASM example uses two disks: /dev/sda1 and 
			/dev/sdb1.

			
			




            




            
            
            
            
            
		
		
			
			Filesystems
 





            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Filesystems are the most widely used means of
storing 
data file, redo logs, and control files for Oracle databases.
Filesystems are easy to implement and require no third-party software
to administer. 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
In most cases, filesystems are created during the
initial installation of Linux. However, there are times when a new
filesystem must be created after the initial installation, such as when
a new disk drive is being installed. 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
This section describes building a new filesystem
and using it in an Oracle database. Unless otherwise noted, all
commands must be run as root. 





            
            
            
            
            
            
		
		

			
			
				
				Create the Filesystem
 
 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
Use ext3 to create
this new filesystem. Other filesystems work just as well, but ext3
offers the fastest recovery time in the event of a system crash. 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		Ex:
				
				
				
				# mke2fs -j /dev/sda1
					
					mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

					
					Filesystem label=
					
					OS type: Linux

					
					Block size=4096 (log=2)
					
					Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

					
					30539776 inodes, 61049000 blocks
					
					3052450 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

					
					First 
data block=0
					
					Maximum filesystem blocks=0
					
					1864 block groups
					
					32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
					
					16384 inodes per group
					
					Superblock backups stored on blocks:

					
					32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
					
					4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
					
					
					
					Writing inode tables: done

					
					Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
					
					Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

					
					

					
					This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or

					
					180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.



			
			






             
            
            
            
            
            
		
		

			
			

				
				
Create the Mount Point
 
 






            
            
            
            
            
		
		
A filesystem must
have a mount point, which is simply an empty directory where the new
filesystem "attaches" to the system's directory tree. Mount points
should be given names consistent with the Oracle Flexible Architecture
(OFA) standard. For more information on OFA standards, see